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Gravity Probe B

Testing Einstein's Universe

WEEKLY HIGHLIGHTS FOR 4 JUNE 2004:

GRAVITY PROBE B MISSION UPDATE

After six weeks in orbit, the spacecraft continues to be healthy, with all subsystems performing well. Over the past two weeks, with the arrival of summer in the Northern Hemisphere, the spacecraft emerged from being partially eclipsed by the Earth each orbit to being in full sunlight continuously. The spacecraft's orbit is stable and meets our requirements for transition into the science phase of the mission. All four gyros remain digitally suspended, and all are spinning very slowly. Progress in locking the on-board telescope onto the guide star, IM Pegasi, has been slower than anticipated, but this afternoon, as these highlights were being posted, we achieved this important milestone. (We'll have more information about locking onto IM Pegasi in next week's Highlights.)

  • This past week, the team started performing a highly methodical and painstaking series of calibration tests on the four science gyroscopes. These tests begin at very low gyro spin rates of 0.333 Hz (20 rpm) or less. This enables the team to exercise and check out the software command templates that control the tests, without risk of damage to the gyro rotors or housings, which could occur at higher speeds. We accomplish these calibration tests by briefly applying voltages asymmetrically to the suspension electrodes on a given gyro, causing that gyro rotor (sphere) to move off center by a few micrometers (10-6 meters) or less, and then re-centering it.
  • During these initial calibration tests, the team discovered that the performance characteristics of the gyros on orbit are slightly different from the simulator predictions on which the original command templates were based. As a result of these differences, during one of the initial tests, gyro #4 touched one of its electrodes and stopped spinning. A simple modification to the spin-up command templates is now in process. Once the on-orbit performance characteristics of each gyro is well understood, the team will repeat these tests at gradually increasing spin rates.
  • The team also exercised the Ultraviolet Discharge procedure to reduce the electrostatic charge, which builds up on the gyro rotors over time. The rotors build up a charge in two ways: first, the process of suspending the rotors electrically deposits some charged particles on them, and second, protons from the sun are constantly bombarding the spacecraft, especially over the South Atlantic Ocean-the so-called "South Atlantic Anomaly"- and some of these protons strike the rotors and leave a residual charge on them.
  • We use ultraviolet light to remove the build-up of electrostatic charge from the gyro rotors. Each gyro housing is fitted with fiber optic cables that run from the gyro housings, up through the top hat of the probe and out to an ultraviolet light source in the Experiment Control Unit (ECU) box, mounted on the spacecraft frame. UV light is beamed through the fiber optics onto the gyro rotors to discharge them. Reducing the level of charge is important because it increases the sensitivity and accuracy of the Gyroscope Suspension System (GSS).

The spacecraft is being controlled from the Gravity Probe B Mission Operations Center, located here at Stanford University. The Stanford-NASA/MSFC-Lockheed Martin operations team is continuing to perform superbly.

Please Note: During the Initialization & Orbit Checkout (IOC) Phase of the GP-B mission, we will update this Web site and send out an email update once a week (usually on Thursday or Friday) to keep you apprised of our progress. From time to time, we may post and email extra updates, as warranted by mission events.

Photos and drawing: The photo of the GP-B gyroscope rotor (sphere) and housings was taken by photographer Don Harlan. The drawing of the GP-B spacecraft on orbit, was extracted from an animation created by Adam Jeziak and Aaron Pozzer. This animation is part of a 26-minute movie about GP-B, entitled Testing Einstein's Universe (see description below). Click on the thumbnails to view enlarged copies of these images.

TRACKING THE GP-B SPACECRAFT

Find the Gravity Probe B satellite in the sky at NASA's satellite tracking web site. See where GP-B is with respect to the terminator (the day-night boundary on the Earth's surface), or just enter your zip code to see if GP-B might be over your neighborhood. The best time to look for it is usually at dusk.

Also, you can track the GP-B spacecraft on your Palm OS or Pocket PC Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), using either PocketSat or PocketSat+ from Big Fat Tail Productions. Both products are PDA Shareware, so you can try them out for free. If you decide to use them, Big Fat Tail asks that you pay a nominal shareware fee.

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE GP-B GUIDE STAR, IM PEGASI

For an overview about why we chose IM Pegasi as our guide star, and its importance to the GP-B mission, see our Guide Star FAQ.

Also, the ETH Institute of Astronomy in Zurich, Switzerland, is working with the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics to provide detailed optical information about the GP-B guide star, IM Pegasi. You can find out about the ETH Institute's work in monitoring magnetic activity on IM Pegasi and the Doppler Imaging Technique used for this purpose on the ETH Institute of Astronomy GP-B Web page.

FOLLOW IOC ACTIVITIES AND LEARN MORE ABOUT GRAVITY PROBE B

If you are interested in following the IOC procedures more closely, you'll find a schedule and description of them on pages 12-14 of the Gravity Probe B Launch Companion. This document also provides an overview and explanation of the Gravity Probe B experiment and information about the spacecraft and GP-B's amazing technologies. Click here to download the GP-B Launch Companion in Adobe Acrobat PDF format. (Please note: this file is 1.6 MB, so it may take awhile to download if you have a slow Internet connection.)

Norbert Bartel, Professor of Astrophysics and Space Sciences at York University in Toronto, Canada, has produced and directed a 26-minute documentary movie about the Gravity Probe B experiment entitled, Testing Einstein's Universe. This movie, along with 80 minutes of additional video about relativity, physics, and astronomy is available on a DVD, which you can purchase from the Website: http://www.astronomyfilms.com/

VIEW A VIDEO OF THE GP-B LAUNCH

Click here to view a 3 1/2 minute QuickTime video clip of the GP-B launch, produced by the Stanford News Service. Please note that the video requires Quick Time to play. Click here to link to download Quick Time.

FOLLOWING THE GP-B MISSION ON THE WEB

In addition to this Web site, here are some other Web sites that have information, photos, and video of the GP-B launch and mission.

  • The ELV Missions Virtual Launch Center Web page on the John F. Kennedy Space Center Web site has information and several streaming video clips covering the GP-B mission. (You can view these video clips free of charge, but you will need to have either the Real Media Player or Windows Media Player installed on your computer to view them.)
  • NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center Gravity Probe B.com Web page has a number of great photos from the GP-B launch, including photos of the spacecraft separation, as well as other information about Gravity Probe B.
  • The Science @ NASA Web site, hosted by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, posts several stories each month about scientific research projects in which NASA is involved. This site currently features two general interest stories about Gravity Probe B: In search of Gravitomagnetism and A Pocket of Near Perfection. (In addition to the Web versions, these stories are also available in both plain text and streaming audio formats.)
  • Photographer William G. Hartenstein's Web site has an extraordinary set of photos that he took on launch day.
  • Another very comprehensive source of information about the GP-B launch is the Spaceflight Now Web site. This site contains an excellent photo gallery, as well as a number of Quicktime video clips of the launch. However, you have to become a subscriber to this site ($$$) in order to view the video clips.

GRAVITY PROBE B IN THE NEWS

Sunday evening, April 18th, a feature story about Gravity Probe B and principal investigator, Francis Everitt, aired on ABC World News Tonight. Click here to read a text version of the ABC News story. Also on April 18th, NPR's David Kestenbaum talked with GP-B's principal investigator, Francis Everitt on the program All Things Considered. On Friday, April 16th, Gravity Probe B Co-Principal Investigator, John Turneaure, was interviewed by Ira Flatow on NPR Talk of the Nation—Science Friday.

On Tuesday, April 13,2004, Gravity Probe B was the lead story in the Science section of the New York Times, and it was one of the front page stories in the San Jose Mercury News. (You'll need to register on the Web sites of these newspapers to view these stories online.) In addition, a story about GP-B appeared on the New Scientist Web on April 13, 2004.

The official pre-launch Gravity Probe B mission and science briefing was held on Friday, April 2, 2004 at 1:00 PM Eastern Daylight Time at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C. The participants in the briefing (pictured from left to right in the photo) were:

  • Anne Kinney, Director of Astronomy/Physics Division, NASA Headquarters
  • Rex Geveden, Program Manager, GP-B and Deputy Director, NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
  • Francis Everitt, GP-B Principal Investigator at Stanford University, Stanford, California
  • Bradford Parkinson, GP-B Co-Principal Investigator at Stanford University, Stanford California
  • Kip Thorne, Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California

You can view a Real Player streaming video of this briefing on the Kennedy Space Center GP-B Web site.

RECEIVE GRAVITY PROBE B WEEKLY HIGHLIGHTS BY EMAIL

If you are interested in automatically receiving these weekly highlights and other important GP-B mission information by email, you can subscribe to our Gravity Probe B Update email list by sending an email message to "majordomo@lists.Stanford.edu" with the command "subscribe gpb-update" in the body of the message (not in the Subject line). You can unsubscribe from this mailing list at any time by sending an email message to the same address with the command, "unsubscribe gpb-update" in the body of the message.

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